General Ben Viljoen was operating in the Eastern Transvaal (now Mpumalanga) when guerrilla activities commenced, and in mid-November 1900 had successfully attacked the British position at Balmoral.
On 28 November 1900 he entrenched himself on a mountain range, named Rhenosterkop, 30 km north west of Bronkhorstspruit and waited for the British column under the command of Major-General Padget.
Although the Boers had the best of the battle which was fought on 29 November, aware that his retreat could be cut off by British re-enforcements, Viljoen withdrew his force that night. British casualties were 17 killed and 68 wounded.
